Introduction
Hammerskin Nation (a.k.a. Hammerskins) was reportedly the largest, most organized, and most violent neo-Nazi skinhead gang in the United States as of 2018.* The group launched in 1988 and has since spread internationally.* Hammerskins have been arrested on charges of murder, assault, arson, vandalism, harassment, and other hate crimes.
The Hammerskin movement grew out of the skinhead punk music scene in the 1980s. The first Hammerskin chapter launched in Dallas, Texas, in 1988 as the Confederate Hammerskins. In 1990, the group created its first international chapters in Northern Ireland and Switzerland. Australian and Canadian chapters emerged in 1993. In 1994, the various regional Hammerskin chapters united under the single banner of Hammerskin Nation. The Hammerskins reinstated their regional system in 1999 while maintaining the international umbrella.*
The Hammerskins’ website and its online forums reportedly shut down in 2001 under unclear circumstances. Shortly after, noted white supremacist Tom Metzger declared there was no longer an official Hammerskin Nation.* Nevertheless, a site declaring itself the official Hammerskin Nation site went online in 2002.* The site remained active as of October 2018, though its online forums were inoperable.* The site was inactive as of April 2020.* Despite the diminished online presence, the Hammerskins remain active. In his 2018 book Everything You Love Will Burn, journalist Vegas Tenold reported on Hammerskin activities in 2016 and the group’s relations with other white supremacist organizations.* The Hammerskins also continue to organize and promote the annual Hammerfest white power music concert. The group held Hammerfest in October 2018 in California* and in November 2019 in western Europe.* In October 2019, the Southern Cross Hammerskins and Blood & Honour Australia intended to hold the annual Hammered Music Festival in Melbourne, Australia, but reportedly canceled the plans at the last minute. Anti-hate groups had asked the government to stop the concert, but it was permitted on free-speech grounds. The reason for the cancelation is not known.*
Leadership
The Hammerskins declare themselves to be a leaderless organization.*
Base of Operations
The first Hammerskins chapter emerged in Dallas, Texas, but the group has no centralized global base of operations. As of October 12, 2018, the Hammerskins’ website listed six U.S. chapters divided by region: West, Northwest, Midland, Confederate, Northern, and Eastern. Additionally, the group maintains chapters in Australia, Canada, France, Germany, Hungary, Italy, New Zealand, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, Luxembourg, and Switzerland.*
Website
https://www.hammerskins.net/ (defunct), http://www.crew38.com/forum38/index.php (defunct)
Membership Size and Relevance
The Hammerskins’ included six regional chapters in the United States and 12 international chapters as of 2018.* There are no estimates of the group’s membership numbers, but it was reportedly the largest neo-Nazi skinhead gang in the United States as of 2018.* In April 2022, the Canadian Anti-Hate Network reported Canadian Hammerskin members had organized underground whites-only “Active Clubs” across Canada.*Peter Smith, “UNDERGROUND NEO-NAZI STREET GANG QUIETLY RUNNING WHITES-ONLY WORKOUT CLUBS FROM COAST TO COAST,” Anti-Hate Network, April 13, 2022, https://www.antihate.ca/neo_nazi_street_gang_quietly_whites_only_workout_clubs_canada_vinland_hammerskins.x
Recruitment and Propaganda
Prospective Hammerskin members are vetted through multiple stages. First, they become what journalist Vegas Tenold called "hang-arounds," following members of a Hammerskin chapter but without any status in the group. If members approve of a hang-around’s behavior, he or she receives a probationary membership in Crew 38, a Hammerskin support network. After proving their loyalty, the prospective member is then offered membership in the Hammerskins. The process can last years before a member advances to the main group.*
In 2022, independent Hammerskin “Active Clubs” appeared across Canada under the umbrella of the Vinland Hammerskins (VHS). These clubs do not necessarily target perspective members of Crew 38. They instead develop new white fighters who are aligned with the Hammerskin ideology.*Peter Smith, “UNDERGROUND NEO-NAZI STREET GANG QUIETLY RUNNING WHITES-ONLY WORKOUT CLUBS FROM COAST TO COAST,” Anti-Hate Network, April 13, 2022, https://www.antihate.ca/neo_nazi_street_gang_quietly_whites_only_workout_clubs_canada_vinland_hammerskins.x
White power music remains the Hammerskins’ primary recruitment method. The Hammerskins host the annual Hammerfest music festival to celebrate the genre of white power music.* The group held the first Hammerfest in 1999.* Bands that have performed at Hammerfest include Beer Hall Putsch and Definite Hate, which previously included Wade Michael Page, who attacked a Sikh temple in 2012.* Then-Traditionalist Worker Party leader Matthew Heimbach spoke at the 2016 Hammerfest, praising the Hammerskins as "an example for all Nationalists."* White supremacist record label Antipathy Records previously maintained a "Hammerskin Gear" section on its website.*
The Hammerskins continue to organize Hammerfest annually in the United States and Europe.*Peter Smith, “UNDERGROUND NEO-NAZI STREET GANG QUIETLY RUNNING WHITES-ONLY WORKOUT CLUBS FROM COAST TO COAST,” Anti-Hate Network, April 13, 2022, https://www.antihate.ca/neo_nazi_street_gang_quietly_whites_only_workout_clubs_canada_vinland_hammerskins.x
The Hammerskins promote the numeral 14 based on the 14-word white supremacist motto: "We must secure the existence of our people and a future for White Children."* The movement is also represented by the number 838, which corresponds to the letters H, C, H, an acronym of the Hammerskin motto, "Hail the Crossed Hammers." The motto is a reference to the Hammerskin flag, which portrays two crossed hammers. The symbol is a constant in Hammerskin propaganda and its various chapter logos.* It is derived from the symbol of a fictional neo-Nazi movement in the 1982 movie Pink Floyd: The Wall.* Hammerskin member Wade Michael Page, who killed six people at a Sikh temple in 2012, had 838 tattooed on his arm to signify membership in the Hammerskins.*
Violent Activities
The Hammerskins encourage members to enlist in military forces, such as the U.S. Army, in order to train for a pending race war. Military personnel told Reuters in 2012 that white nationalists are dedicated to the military training because they want to learn weaponry and combat skills.* Hammerskin Nation as an organization has not orchestrated violent activities. Nonetheless, Hammerskin members have been involved in numerous violent acts. Further, there have been multiple reports of Hammerskin members engaging each other in physical altercations during Hammerskin events.*
- December 8, 2018: Daniel Delbert Dorson, Randy Smith, Jason DeSimas, and allegedly Jason Stanley assaulted a Black man in Lynnwood, Washington. Smith gave a Nazi salute as he entered the bar. Smith assaulted T.S, a Black man working as the disc jockey at the bar, because he believed T.S. was being disrespectful to the group. Smith and Dorson were members of Crew 38. DeSimas was a prospective member of the Hammerskins. Smith pleaded guilty to hate crime and false statement charges on August 23, 2022. Smith admitted to belonging to belonging to Crew 38. On April 8, 2022, DeSimas pleaded guilty to making false statements to the FBI and assaulting two men who intervened to protect T.S. during the attack. Dorson pleaded guilty to the same charges in 2021. Stanley also pleaded guilty on September 21, 2022. All four admitted to either belonging to Crew 38 or being perspective Hammerskin members. On January 30, 2023, DeSimas was sentenced to 48 months; Stanley was sentenced to 47 months and nine days; Smith was sentenced to 42 months; and Dorson was sentenced to 28 months.*
- November 8, 2016: Portuguese police arrested 20 Hammerskins across the country on suspicion of involvement in a series of violent hate crimes in Portugal between 2013 and 2015.*
- July 10, 2015: Police in East Windsor, New Jersey, arrested Richard Pearson on charges of maintaining a drug manufacturing facility, aggravated arson, theft and destruction of evidence. Pearson had multiple previous convictions in Florida and Massachusetts on charges of attempted murder, aggravated assault, home invasion, bias crimes, and bail jumping. Prosecutors have accused Pearson of affiliation with the Hammerskins.*
- March 18, 2015: Skinhead Ryan Giroux shot dead one person and wounded six others in an hours-long ordeal that began outside a motel in Mesa, Arizona. He then carjacked a vehicle and traveled to a condominium complex where he was arrested by a SWAT team. A retired Mesa police detective familiar with Giroux identified him as a member of the Hammerskins. Giroux pled guilty to first-degree murder and 22 other charges. He received a life sentence in 2016.*
- August 5, 2012: Hammerskin member Wade Michael Page attacked a Sikh temple in Oak Creek, Wisconsin, killing six and critically wounding three others. A police officer shot and killed Page on the scene.* The Anti-Defamation League had identified Page as a white supremacist in 2010 based on his involvement in white power music bands.*
- April 2011: Hammerskins member Matthew Branstetter and an accomplice beat a Jewish man unconscious and robbed him in a park in Orange County, California. Branstetter was convicted of aggravated assault with a hate crime enhancement. He was sentenced to 20 months in prison.*
- March 17, 1999: Six Hammerskin members attacked a 23-year-old black man in Temecula, California. The Hammerskins allegedly shouted racial epithets while beating Randy Bowen, who managed to escape. Three of the Hammerskin members pled guilty to assault with a deadly weapon and committing a hate crime.* Five of the attackers received sentences ranging from four to 14 years in prison.*
- December 24, 1991: Hammerskin members Louis Oddo and Adam Galleon reportedly beat a homeless black man to death in Birmingham, Alabama. Both Oddo and Galleon were convicted of murder.*
- June 7, 1991: Hammerskin members William George "Trey" Roberts III, Joshua Everette Hendry, and Christopher Brosky shot and killed 32-year-old black man Donald Thomas in a drive-by shooting in Arlington, Texas.*
- Summer 1991: Members of the Confederate Hammerskins reportedly formed "park patrols" in Dallas and "chased, beat, and assaulted any nonwhites they found," according to the U.S. Department of Justice.* Also that summer, Hammerskin members vandalized a Dallas synagogue and Jewish community center.*
Rhetoric
- Hammerskin member Travis Miskam after attacking 23-year-old black man Randy Bowen with five other Hammerskin members, March 17, 1999: "We don’t like niggers here; I don’t like niggers."*
- Online comment by imprisoned Hammerskin member Jimmy Matchette, undated: "Being a Hammerskin is the distinct feeling of being set apart from the entire planet. And of knowing we will conquer & overcome all obstacles to achieve our goals and accomplish our great work, knowing that if we fail, all is lost forever and the west will perish. Even though I am locked down in a maximum security federal penitentiary, I wouldn't [have] traded the opportunity for all the gold in the world. You my true comrades hold all the glory of victory at your fingertips. We really are the most notorious White power Skinhead group in the entire World!"*
- Editorial in now-defunct Hammerskin Press, undated: "We've experienced death, prison, and numerous court battles. Through all this, we're still standing! No LAWS will ever break us!"*
- Statement from now-defunct Hammerskin Press, undated: "The MOST NOTORIOUS band of Skinheads in the World have metastasized from the mean streets, and into your home [sic]. Where ever you go, our WEB of Racism will follow!"*
Social Media
Facebook (Crew 38, Finland) (defunct), Facebook (Crew 38, Spain), Facebook (Crew 38, Sweden) (defunct)