Antisemitism refers to discrimination, hostility, persecution, and prejudice targeting Jews. In 2016, the 31 member-states of the International Holocaust Remembrance Alliance adopted a working definition of antisemitism: “Antisemitism is a certain perception of Jews, which may be expressed as hatred toward Jews. Rhetorical and physical manifestations of antisemitism are directed toward Jewish or non-Jewish individuals and/or their property, toward Jewish community institutions and religious facilities.” (Related terms: Anti-Zionism)